วันจันทร์ที่ 29 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2553

                                                           Auxiliary Verbs


What are auxiliary verbs?
  1. Auxiliary verbs (sometimes known as helping verbs) are verbs that are used to assist the verb.
  2. Auxiliary verbs can not be used without a main verb.
  3. Auxiliary verbs can not be used with modal verbs.
  4. Auxiliary verbs are used to make sentences negative.
  5. Auxiliary verbs are used to ask questions.
  6. Auxiliary verbs are used in the sentence structure of the verb sentence.
    -Auxiliary verbs are used to ask questions.
      -Auxiliary verbs are used in the sentence structure of the verb sentence.
The 3 most common auxiliary verbs are:
  • Do - Does - Did
  • Do is used with the present simple tense. Do-Does are used as part of the sentence structure for negative statements/sentences with the present simple tense
  • Do- Does are used as part of the sentence structure for questions, with the present simple tense.
  • Did is used with the past simple tense.
  • Did is used as part of the sentence structure for negative statements/sentences with the past simple tense
  • Did is used as part of the sentence structure for questions, with the past simple tense.
  • Be - Am - Is - Are -Was - Were
  • Have - Has -Had
DO', 'BE' and 'HAVE' are the English auxiliary verbs used in a negative structure, a question or to show tense.


DESCRIPTIONS OF ENGLISH AUXILIARY VERBS:


1. 'DO', 'DON'T', 'DOES' and 'DOESN'T' are used for questions and negatives in the Present Simple Tense, and 'DID' and 'DIDN'T' are used in the Past Simple Tense.
2. 'BE' is used with the Present Participle in Continuous (Progressive) Verbs. It is also used with the Past Participle in the Passive.
3. 'HAVE' is used with the Past Participle to form the Perfect Aspect.
Examples of auxiliary verbs: Tom has lived in Boston for twenty years.
They didn't come to the party last night.
I was cooking dinner when you telephoned.
What are you doing tomorrow afternoon?



Here is a quick overview of auxiliary verb usage:
DO / DOES
Used simple present question and negative forms:
What time does he get up?
They don't drive to work. They take the bus.

DID
Used in simple past question and negative forms:
When did they arrive yesterday?
He didn't finish his homework last week.

IS / ARE / AM
Used in present continuous and for the future with 'going to':
They are working hard at the moment.
She is going to study medicine at university.

WAS / WERE
Past continuous:
I was watching TV when you arrived.
What were they doing while you were cooking dinner?

HAVE / HAS
Present perfect and present perfect continuous:
How long have you lived here?
I've been working since seven this morning.

HAD
Past perfect and past perfect continuous:
He had eaten by the time I arrived.
She had been studying for two hours when he finally telephoned.

WILL / WON'T
Future with 'will':
What will the weather be like tomorrow?
He won't understand.

วันเสาร์ที่ 20 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2553

                         Wh–Questions


Wh-Questions allow a speaker to find out more information about topics

QuestionWord                                    Function                              

 
what                                  aking for information about something            
                                         asking for repetition or confirmation 
               
 why                                  asking for a reason                      
                             
When                               asking about time                                             

 
where                               asking in or at what place or position                 
which                               asking about choice                                           

who                                 asking what or which person or people (subject)       
  
whom                              asking what or which person or people (object)         
 
whose                             asking about ownership                                         

 
why                                 asking for reason, asking what...for                        

 
why don't                         making a suggestion                                               

 
how                                asking about manner                                               


                                       asking about condition or quality                           
how + adj/adv                asking about extent or degree                                  

 
how far                           distance                                                      

 
how long                         length (time or space)                                  

 
how many                       quantity (countable)                                   

 
how much                       quantity (uncountable)                                

 
how old                           age                                                          
how come (informal)       asking for reason, asking why                   

    
The "grammar" used with wh- questions depends on whether the topic being asked about is the "subject" or "predicate" of a sentence. For the subject pattern, simply replace the person or thing being asked about with the appropriate wh-word.
(Someone has my baseball.)
(Something is bothering you.)
Who has my baseball?
What is bothering you?



For the predicate pattern, wh- question formation depends on whether there is an "auxiliary" verb in the original sentence. Auxiliary or "helping" verbs are verbs that precede main verbs. Auxiliary verbs are italicized in the following sentences.
I can do it.
They are leaving.
I have eaten my lunch.
I should have finished my homework.

To make a question using the predicate pattern, first form a yes/no question by inverting the subject and (first) auxiliary verb. Then, add the appropriate wh- word to the beginning of the sentence.
(You will leave some time.)
? will you leave
When will you leave?
(He is doing something.)
? is he doing
What is he doing?
(They have been somewhere.)
? have they been
Where have they been?

If there is no auxiliary and the verb is "be," invert the subject and verb, then add the appropriate wh- word to the beginning of the sentence.
(He is someone.)
? is he
Who is he?
(The meeting was some time.)
? was the meeting
When was the meeting?

If there is no auxiliary and the verb is not "be," add do to the beginning of the sentence. Then add the appropriate wh-question word. Be sure to "transfer" the tense and number from the main verb to the word do.
(You want something.)
? do you want
What do you want?
(You went somewhere.)
? did you go (past tense)
Where did you go?
(She likes something.)
? does she like (third person -s)
What does she like?


                                    

วันจันทร์ที่ 15 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2553

There is and There are

There is and there are
RULES:
 Use there IS for singular nouns (one item).
 Use there IS for non-count items (group nouns).
 Use there ARE for many items (plural nouns).
Use "There is" for singular nouns and things you cannot count.
Examples: 
- There is an apple on the desk.  
- There isn't ice on the lake
- There isn`t an orange on the table
- Is there a balcony in the flat?  Yes, there is/   No, there isn`t
Use some for positive statements, and any for negative and interrogative ones.
Examples:
positive statements
- There is some water in the bottle.
- There is some milk in the jar.
Negative statements
- There isn`t any bread in the basket.
- There isn't any wine in the fridge.
  Interrogative statements
- Is there any sugar in the sugar pot?
- Is there any cool water in the fridge?
Use "There are" for plural nouns; that is to say, we use there are with a plural subject.
Examples: 
- There are 600 students in this school.
- There are four windows in my room.
- There aren`t chairs in my room.
 - Are there two telephone lines? Yes, there are/ No, there aren`t
Use some for positive statements, and any for negative and interrogative ones.
Examples:
positive statements
- There are some letters for you.
- There are some cupboards under the sink.
Negative  statements
- There aren`t any apples.
- There aren`t any tomatoes.
Interrogative statements
- Are there any glasses in the cupboard?
- Are there any chairs in your room?


วันจันทร์ที่ 8 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2553

หน้าที่ของ Verb to be

Verb to be

Verb to be ใช้ทำหน้าที่ช่วยกริยาตัวอื่นได้ ดังต่อไปนี้คร้าๆๆๆๆ

1. ใช้วางหน้ากริยาตัวที่เติม ing ทำให้ประโยคเป็น Continuous tense ซึ่งแปลว่า "กำลัง" นะจ๊ะ

  เช่น...  We are learning English.                     เรากำลังเรียนภาษาอังกฤษ
              The students are playing football.       นักเรียนกำลังเล่นฟุตบอล

2. ใช้วางไว้หน้ากริยาช่องที่ 3 (เฉพาะสกรรมกริยา) ทำให้ประโยคนั้นเป็นกรรมวาจก อะๆ งงละซิว่าคืออะไร มันก้คือ (passive Voice) นั้นเอง ซึ่งแปลว่า "ถูก"

เช่น...  A glass of water of mine is broken.      แก้วน้ำของฉัน(ถูก)ทำแตงเสียแล้ว
           This house was built here last year.      บ้านหลังนี้ถูกสร้างไว้ที่นี่เมื่อปีกลาย

3. ใช้วางหน้ากริยาสภาวมาลา (Infinitive) ซึ่งแปลว่า จะ , จะต้อง แสดงถึงหน้าที่ที่ต้องกระทำ ,แผนการณ์ ,การเตรียมการ , คำสั่ง,คำขอร้อง หรือความเป็นไปได้

เช่น... He is to stay here till I come back.       เขาจะต้องอยู่ที่นี่จนกว่าผมจะกลับมา
          Benya is to go home tomorrow.           เบญญาจะกลับบ้านวันพรุ่งนี้

4.ประโยคคำสั่ง,อวยพร จะทำหน้าที่ประโยคด้วย Adjiective (คุณศัพท์) ต้องใช้ Be นำหน้าเสมอ

เช่น... Be good luck in your examonation.     ขอให้คุณโชคดีในการสอบ
          Don't be so silly.                                 อย่างี่เง่าเช่นนี้นก็แล้วกัน

***  (รูปปฎิเสธให้ใช้ Don't นำหน้า be)

5. ใช้นำหน้าสำนวน about to+Verb ช่อง 1 มีซึ่งแปลว่า "จะ" ซึ่งมนจะอางถึงเหตุการณ์ที่จะเกิดขึ้นในอนาคตอันใกล้

เช่น...  They are about to start jouney this evening.   พวกเขาจะออกเดินทางกันเย็นวันนี้
            I am about to go home within two hours.      ฉันจะกลับบ้านภายใน 2 ชั่วโมง

6.  ใช้ทำหน้าที่เป็นกริยาหลัก (Principal Verb) ในประโยคได้ กรณีนี้ในประโยคนั้นจะไม่มี Verb ตัวอื่นเข้ามาร่วมอยู่กับ Verb to be

เช่น... Piroon is always a good boy.       พิรุณเป็นเด็กชายดีเสมอ
          I am a teach of English.                ฉันเป็นครูสอนภาษาอังกฤษ